Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a wireless network technology that uses high-frequency electromagnetic waves to transmit data.

 

Wi-Fi Hardwares:

1.     Access Point

Connect a group of wireless device to an adjacent wired LAN

2.     Wireless Adapter

Allow device to connect to wireless network

3.     Router

Connect multiple devices to the internet and connect one device to another devices

4.     Bridge

Can connect two networks to form a single network. Wireless bridging can connect a wired network to wireless network

5.     Embedded System

 

Wi-Fi’s Advantages

1.     Convenience

Allow multiple users to connect to the same network. Connection can be made by routers or hospot technology

2.     Mobility

We don’t need to always need to sit in front of computers to get internet access. We can still get the internet access from our mobile device as long as we still in the range of Wi-Fi Access Point

3.     Productivity

We can accomplish our task anywhere and anytime as long as we get the internet access

4.     Cost

Wireless networks offer significant advantages in terms of cost and labor. Especially when installing a new Wifi network, you can reduce wiring and maintenance costs.

 

Wi-Fi’s Disadvantage

1.     Speed

The Wi-Fi’s speed is slower than wired connection (about 1-54 Mbps). The speed also depend on how far we are from the router. If we are far away from the router, the speed is slower.

2.     Security

Wifi is vulnerable to hacking. Due to its wireless nature it has high chances of being hacked especially the Public Wifi networks.

3.     Range

The Wi-Fi’s range is limited. If we aren’t in the range of the Wi-Fi, we can’t connect to internet

Personal Computer's Hardware

 Hardware are physical parts of computer and device related to computer. Combination of hardware and software form a usable computer.

Personal Computer’s Hardware

1.     Case

2.     Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The performance and speed of CPU determined how well the computer works. CPU’s speed is measured in GigaHertz (GHz)

3.     Power Supply

Is a hardware component of system unit that supplies power to an electrical device by converting the AC power into DC power. Some external peripherals have an AC Adapter.

4.     Motherboard

Is the main circuit board of the system unit. There are many electronic components attach to the motherboard, there are also some built in it.

5.     Expansion Cards

Devices that extend a computer’s capabilities.

a.     Video Cards

b.     Sound Cards

c.     Network Cards and Modem

d.     Drive Controller Cards

6.     Storage Devices

Computing hardware and digital media that used for storing data.

a.     Floppy Disketted

b.     Hard Drive

c.     Magnetic Stip

d.     Superdisk

e.     Cassete tape

f.      Blu-ray Disc

g.     CD-R Disc

h.     CD-RW Disc

i.      DVD

j.      Memory Card

7.     Fixed Media

8.     Removable Media

Such as :

a.     Memory Card

b.     USB Flash Drive

c.     CD-ROM

d.     DVD-ROM

e.     BD-ROM

9.     Input and Output Peripherals

Input :

a.     Mouse

b.     Keyboard

c.     Touchpad

d.     Webcams

e.     Microphone

f.      Joystick

g.     Image Scanner

Output:

a.     Printer

b.     Speaker

c.     Headphone

d.     Earphone

10. Monitor Display

Software

Computer Software or usually known as Software, is a collection of data and instruction that allow the computer to perform certain task. Computer Software is all information process by computer systems, programs, and data

Software can be group into a few board of categories

1.     Purpose of domain use

a.     Application software

Is a program or a group of programs that perform special or provides entertainment function. The application software is designed for end users.

Examples of application software are:

·       Word processor

·       Spreadsheet

·       Accounting Application

·       Web Browser

·       E-mail Client

·       Media Player

·       File Viewer

·       Simulator

b.     System software

Is a type of program or software to run computer’s hardware and application

·       Operating system

To manage resources dan provide common services for other software.

·       Device drivers

To operate or control a particular device attach to the computer

·       Utilities

Designed to assist computer users in maintenance and care for their computers

c.     Malicious Software or Malware

Intentionally design to harm and cause damage for computer, client, server, or computer network.

There are various types of malware, such as:

·       Computer viruses

·       Worms

·       Trojan horses

·       Ransomware

·       Spyware

·       Adware

·       Rogue software

·       Scareware

2.     Normal or Domain of Execution

·       Desktop Applications

Such as

1)    Web browsers

2)    Microsoft Office

3)    Smartphone and Tablet Applications (App)

·       JavaScript

·       Server Browser

·       Plugins

·       Embedded Software

·       Microcode

3.     Programming Tools

Software in the form of programs or applications that software developers use to create, debug, maintain, or support the software 

Wide Area Network

Wide Area Network is a computer network between regions, cities or even countries, or can be defined as computer networks that require routers and public communication channels.

Some common types of Wide Area Local connections :

1.     Dedicate Internet Access

A connection that connects end customers directly to the internet, to guarantee full access to the amount of bandwith they are connected for.

2.     Broadband Internet

Is a wide bandwidth data transmission. Broadband Internet has high access speed.

3.     4G/5G Technology

4G is the fourth generation of brandwidth celluler network technology that provide capabilities defined by ITU in IMT Advanced

5G is the fifth generation of cellular network, began deploying worldwide in 2019. All 5G wireless device in a cell are connected to internet and and telephone network by radio wave

4.     MPLS Networks

Allows companies to extend their LAN by passing information from size-to-size. MPLS networks easily tag data from certain application and prioritized it.

5.     SD-WAN Services

Software-defines Wide Area Network. Simplifies the management and operation of WAN

WAN’s Advantages

1.     Allow us to send secret or privacy data to all of your sites without sending it to internet.

2.     Cut cost and increase profits

3.     Guaranteed uptime

4.     Increase Bandwidth

WAN’s Disadvantage

1.     WANs are complicated and complex, so the setup cost is rather high and expensive. The bigger the WAN, the more expensive the setup cost

2.     Maintenance Issues

3.     Security Concern

Local Area Network

Local Area Network is a computer network that connect some computers in limited area, such as office, school, building, apartment, laboratory, etc.

Four major LAN components:

1.     Personal Computer (PC)/Workstations and Server

2.     Network Interface Card (NIC)

3.     Cables and and connectors

4.     Hub

There are two types of LAN:

1.     Client/Server LANs

Connection between two or more computers in a database with a central server

2.     Peer-to-Peer LANs

3.     Connection between two or more computers in a database without a central server

LAN’s Advantage

1.     Data Security

Because the data of all networks are stored in server computer and the number of the computers that are connected are limited, so the data will be more secure.

2.     Internet Sharing

Provides us facility to share single internet connection to all connected computers

3.     Easy and Cheap Communication

We can easily share our data or message to all computers connected to the network

LAN’s Disadvantage

1.     Cost

Because of the server need special software, the set-up cost is expensive

2.     LAN Maintenance

Requires LAN administrator to maintain some problems that might occurred in the future

3.     Privacy Violation

Because all computers that are connected to the LAN can be check by LAN administrator, so, the LAN Administrator can check all of the data in LAN users’ computers